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London
Capital city
River Thames and Tower Bridge past The Shard (left), Tower of London (right) and City of London (right) London Eye Nelson’s Column St Paul’s Piccadilly Circus Canary Wharf Palace of Westminster with huge Ben (right)
London Location within the United Kingdom Show map of the United Kingdom London Location within England Show map of England London Location within Europe Show map of Europe London London (Earth) Show map of Earth
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°7′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.12750°W / 51.50722; -0.12750
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Country	England
Region	London (Greater London)
Ceremonial counties	Greater London (ceremonial county) City of London
Local supervision districts	32 London boroughs and the City of London
Settled by Romans	AD 47; 1976 years ago (47) as Londinium
Government
• Type	Executive mayoralty and deliberative assembly
• Body	Greater London Authority • Mayor Sadiq Khan (L) • London Assembly
• London Assembly	14 constituencies
• UK Parliament	73 constituencies
Area
• Total[A]	606.96 sq mi (1,572.03 km)
• Urban	671.0 sq mi (1,737.9 km2)
• Metro	3,236 sq mi (8,382 km)
• City of London	1.12 sq mi (2.89 km2)
• 32 London boroughs (total)	605.85 sq mi (1,569.14 km)
Elevation	36 ft (11 m)
Population  (2021 except where stated)
• Total	8,799,800
• Density	14,500/sq mi (5,598/km)
• Urban  (2011)	9,787,426
• Metro  (2023)	14,800,000 (London metropolitan area)
• City of London	8,600
Demonyms	Londoner
GVA (2021)
• Total	£487 billion
• Per capita	£55,412
Time zone	UTC (Greenwich Mean Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Postcode areas	22 areas E, EC, N, NW, SE, SW, W, WC, BR, CM, CR, DA, EN, HA, IG, KT, RM, SM,UB, WD, TN, TW
Budget	£19.376 billion ($25 billion)
International airports	Inside London: Heathrow (LHR) City (LCY) Outside London: Gatwick (LGW) Stansted (STN) Luton (LTN) Southend (SEN)
Rapid transit system	London Underground
Police	Metropolitan (county of Greater London) City of London (City of London square mile)
Ambulance	London
Fire	London
GeoTLD	.london
Website	www.london.gov.uk

London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of nearly 8.8 million. It stands upon the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary all along to the North Sea and has been a major treaty for nearly two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries. The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national paperwork and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name “London” also refers to the metropolis a propos this core, historically split accompanied by the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which previously 1965 has largely comprised Greater London, which is governed by 33 local authorities and the Greater London Authority.^{[note 3]}

As one of the world’s major global cities, London exerts a strong influence upon its arts, entertainment, fashion, commerce and finance, education, health care, media, science and technology, tourism, transport, and communications. Its GDP (€801.66 billion in 2017) makes it the largest urban economy in Europe, and it is one of the major financial centres in the world. With Europe’s largest interest of unconventional education institutions, it is house to some of the highest-ranked academic institutions in the world—Imperial College London in natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics in social sciences, and the mass University College London. London is the most visited city in Europe and has the busiest city airport system in the world. The London Underground is the oldest brusque transit system in the world.

London’s diverse cultures encompass greater than 300 languages. The mid-2018 population of Greater London of roughly 9 million made it Europe’s third-most populous city, accounting for 13.4% of the population of the United Kingdom and on culmination of 16% of the population of England. The Greater London Built-up Area is the fourth-most populous in Europe, with nearly 9.8 million inhabitants at the 2011 census. The London metropolitan area is the third-most populous in Europe, with not quite 14 million inhabitants in 2016, granting London the status of a megacity.

London has four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the cumulative Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret’s Church; and in addition to the historic deal in Greenwich, where the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, defines the prime meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. Other landmarks tote up Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul’s Cathedral, Tower Bridge, and Trafalgar Square. London has many museums, galleries, libraries, and cultural venues, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library, and numerous West stop theatres. Important sporting undertakings held in London adjoin the FA Cup Final, the Wimbledon Tennis Championships, and the London Marathon. In 2012, London became the first city to host three Summer Olympic Games.

Toponymy

London is an ancient name, attested in the first century AD, usually in the Latinised form Londinium. Modern scientific analyses of the publicize must account for the origins of the exchange forms found in into the future sources: Latin (usually Londinium), Old English (usually Lunden), and Welsh (usually Llundein), with hint to the known developments greater than time of sounds in those swing languages. It is entirely that the broadcast came into these languages from Common Brythonic; recent decree tends to reconstruct the lost Celtic form of the proclaim as *Londonjon or something similar. This was adapted into Latin as Londinium and borrowed into Old English.